Jonathan Edwards and the Sufficiency of Scripture

Shortly before His arrest and crucifixion, Jesus observed the Passover meal with His disciples.  As He spoke to them and explained what was to come, He told them,

“These things I have spoken to you while being present with you.  But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you”  (John 14:25-26, NKJV).

As one person of the Triune God, the Holy Spirit was of course always present in the world.  Jesus promised the disciples in this passage that the Spirit was to come in a new and fuller sense.  Jesus told them that, when He was gone and the Spirit came, the Spirit would teach them, help them to understand what they had seen in Jesus, help them to see Christ as the fulfillment of the messianic anticipation and prophecies in the Old Testament.  And the Spirit would “bring to (their) remembrance” the events they had seen and experienced in their time with Jesus.  In John 20:22, after the resurrection, “He breathed on them, and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.”  The eyewitnesses, as they later recorded the gospels and the writings of the New Testament, wrote not just as witnesses with fading memories.  They wrote as eyewitnesses under the teaching, guidance, and inspiration of God the Holy Spirit.

Peter later wrote, “for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit” (2 Peter 1:21, NKJV).  The Old Testament writings were from men under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.  The New Testament writings are from those who were both witnesses of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and were under the inspiration of the Spirit.  The authors of the Bible wrote the objective message of God that He wanted to convey to mankind.  Jonathan Edwards (1703-1751) is regarded as perhaps America’s foremost early theologian.  He was a brilliant man who spoke and wrote extensively of the sovereignty and holiness of God.  He understood this principle of the sufficiency of scripture.  Edwards wrote,

“And yet some people actually imagine that the revelation in God’s Word is not enough to meet our needs.  They think that God from time to time carries on an actual conversation with them, chatting with them, satisfying their doubts, testifying to His love for them, promising them support and blessings.  As a result, their emotions soar; they are full of bubbling joy that is mixed with self-confidence and a high opinion of themselves.  The foundation for these feelings, however, does not lie within the Bible itself, but instead rests on the sudden creations of their imaginations.  These people are clearly deluded.  God’s Word is for all of us and each of us; He does not need to give particular messages to particular people.”

The Spirit gave us the Word, and it is that written Word that tells us all we need to know.  The written Word communicates the gospel to us, the gospel that coupled with the ministry of the Spirit brings us salvation.  His continuing ministry to us is to illuminate the written Word.  He does not give us, and we do not need, new revelation outside of the Bible.  It is the Bible that teaches us what the Savior did and taught.  Learning to hear the Spirit in the Bible is our lifelong assignment.  Through our prayerful and careful study of Bible, the Spirit develops our ability to discern truth from error, make decisions, and live the life He has for us.

We don’t need dreams, visions, voices, or impressions.  We don’t need to seek continuing revelation, and we can and should be skeptical of the claims of others that they have received such direct communication from God apart from the written Word.  We need the Spirit’s ministry through the Word.  Reading and studying the Bible, however, might be the easy part.  Obeying it and putting it into practice, well, that is sometimes the real challenge.

 

Amazing Grace?

Recently, I attended a service at a church where the projector in the room wasn’t working properly, and a printed sheet was handed out with the words to the songs that were to be used.  I kept the sheet and looked at it later.  I think the projector failure that caused me to look at the words of the songs may have been providential.

One of the songs that was performed was titled “God in the City.”  I observed that the words aren’t really distinctively Christian, at least in a traditional evangelical sense.  There is mention of God as “God of this city” (I assumed it to be the city where the song was performed), and some general concepts of God as “King of these people,” “Lord of this nation,” “Creator,” etc., and the phrase “There is no one like our God” is repeated many times.  But the words express nothing that could not be used by a Catholic, a Mormon, or any other group in Christendom.  There is no mention of anything distinctively doctrinal, no mention of Christ, no mention of the atonement, faith, or repentance, nor is there any expression of true worship.

But the song that really caught my attention was titled “How Sweet the Sound.”  This contemporary number borrows the phrase “Amazing Grace, How Sweet the Sound” from John Newton’s words set to music in the classic hymn “Amazing Grace.”  Newton’s words are deeply doctrinal and expressive of the nature of grace and explain the reason that the word “grace” might be said to have a sweet sound to a Christian.  He wrote that grace “saved a wretch like me,” that “I once was lost, . . . was blind.”  He is expressing the truth of being “lost” in sin.  Newton knew that there can be no understanding of grace in the biblical sense without understanding that human beings are hopelessly lost in sin.  Sin is a pervasive fact of human existence, both personal sin and the sin nature we have as human beings since the Fall.  But with the salvation offered to us by grace, God does not treat us with judgement but with mercy.  He continues to deal with believers in grace as a principle of life, delivering us from the power of sin and forgiving our sins as we live in a fallen world.  With the understanding of God’s grace as the remedy for sin, Newton wrote that he was no longer lost, “but now am found,” and was no longer blind “but now can see.”  Newton wrote that grace “taught my heart to fear, ” that is, to know and fear God, “and grace my fears (fears in life) relieved.”  He connected the receipt of grace to faith when he wrote “How precious did the grace appear, the hour I first believed!”  Newton’s words express something of the depth and meaning of the doctrine of grace and can be sung to God by a believer as an act of worship celebrating His grace in the forgiveness of our sin.  The hymn is an expression of gratitude from the heart of a repentant sinner who had been saved by grace.

A later writer in the nineteenth century wrote the words of the classic hymn “Grace Greater Than Our Sin.”  The author wrote of the “Marvelous grace of our loving Lord, grace that exceeds our sin and our guilt” in her opening line.  Her words speak of Calvary, “There where the blood of the Lamb was spilt.”  The second verse speaks of “sin and despair” that “threaten the soul with infinite loss,” but grace “points to the refuge, the mighty Cross.”  The third verse reminds that the dark stain of sin can be removed by nothing but God’s grace; the fourth verse celebrates that grace is extended to all who believe and pleads, “Will you this moment His grace receive?”  Like Newton, this author poetically explained God’s offer of grace as a remedy for sin available to be received by faith, made possible by what Christ did for us.  Singing this hymn is a testimony and an act of worship remembering God’s grace in providing Christ as the remedy for sin.

The words of the contemporary “How Sweet the Sound” number on the sheet I received takes a decidedly different tack.  The words contain phrases such as “You are always right beside me,” “You’re my rock and strength, You comfort me,” and “Carry me through the waters, Where Your peace clears away all my sorrow.” The chorus begins “Amazing Grace how sweet the sound, I hear you singing over me,” and then repeats Newton’s words “I once was lost but now I’m found” before continuing on to say that grace is beautiful, covers every part of me, and has a beautiful sound.  Aside from the quote of Newton’s words “I once was lost but now I’m found,” there is no mention of any concept of sin, repentance, or forgiveness. There is no mention of Christ, no mention of His atoning death that made salvation possible and brings His gracious favor and blessings to believers, no mention of faith, just an upbeat celebration that “You” are beside me giving me things like comfort, shelter, and healing in my perceived personal pain.  The song uses the words “amazing grace,” but doesn’t in any way connect to the biblical concept of salvation by grace or help understand what “grace” means.  The focus is purely on a “grace” that benefits “me” in the present.  The tone is almost narcissistic.  The concept of grace that might be brought to mind by the words of this song is decidedly different than the grace that was understood by John Newton.

Amazing grace?  I’ll stick with John Newton’s version.